Rita Strohl (born Aimée Marie Marguerite Mercédès Larousse La Villette) (8 July 1865 – 27 March 1941) was a French composer and pianist.

Born in Lorient (Morbihan), Rita Strohl was a gifted student and entered the Paris Conservatory at the age of 13, where she studied piano and solfège. She studied composition and voice privately. She was also a member of the Société des auteurs, compositeurs et éditeurs de musique. In 1884, she started publishing her chamber music trios, and the following year her Messe pour six voix, orchestre, et orgue résonne.

She is the author of several vocal, symphonic and chamber music pieces. She was endorsed by Camille Saint-Saëns, Vincent d’Indy and Gabriel Fauré. Jane Bathori sang her Chansons de Bilitis, and Pablo Casals played her music. Notably honoured by Pierre Louÿs and Henri Duparc, her music has gained renewed interest in recent years.